名家论坛（2015-7）：马驰博士学术报告会

应国家重点实验室赵军红教授和郑建平教授邀请，加州理工学院马驰博士来校访问并做学术报告。

报告题目：纳米矿物学和发现新矿物

报告时间：5月26日上午9：00-10：00

报告地点：八角楼学术报告厅

Dr. Chi Ma is a senior staff scientist and Director of the Analytical Facility in the Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences at Caltech, with research interests on nanomineralogy and discovering new minerals in meteorites. He received his BSc (CUG, Wuhan), MSc (Uni. of Auckland) and PhD (Australian National University) in mineralogy, and carried out postdoctoral research at Caltech. He is the discoverer and/or lead researcher of 29 new minerals.

More information is available at: http://www.its.caltech.edu/~chima/

Nanomineralogy and Discovery of New Minerals

Chi Ma

Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology

Abstract

Nanomineralogy is the study of Earth and planetary materials at nanoscales, focused on characterizing nanofeatures (such as inclusions, exsolution, zonation, coatings, pores) in minerals and rocks, and revealing nanominerals and nanoparticles. With advanced high-resolution analytical scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM with EDS and EBSD), we are now capable to characterize solid materials easier and faster down to nanoscales. Nanofeatures are being identified in many common minerals, providing insights into genesis and physical properties. New minerals and new materials with important geological significance are being discovered at micron to nanoscales.

During our ongoing nanomineralogy investigation of Earth and planetary materials since 2005, 29 new minerals have been discovered. Sixteen are from the Allende meteorite, including eight refractory minerals like allendeite, tistarite, panguite and kangite, which are among the first solids formed in our solar system. To date, ~50 refractory minerals plus about 15 presolar minerals mark the very beginning of the solar mineral evolution at 4.568 billion years ago. Four new high-pressure minerals found in shocked meteorites are bridgmanite (MgSiO3-perovskite, the most abundant mineral in Earth), ahrensite (Fe2SiO4-spinel), tissintite ((Ca,Na,□)AlSi2O6-clinopyroxene), and liebermannite (KAlSi3O8-hollandite). Each of the new extraterrestrial minerals reveals distinctive forming environments, providing new insights into nebula, parent-body processes, or impact processes on small bodies in the early solar system or on Mars. New high-pressure minerals also help investigations of phase transformation mechanisms in the deep Earth. Presented here are a few discovery stories of the new minerals, demonstrating how nanomineralogy works and plays a unique role in Earth and planetary sciences research.

地球科学学院

地质过程与矿产资源国家重点实验室

2015年5月25日